Life Lessons To Help Build a Solid Financial Foundation

It can be difficult to navigate the complexities of financial management when you’re just starting your career, especially when you live in a high-cost area. Making thoughtful financial decisions early on can support greater flexibility and security down the road. The three foundational lessons below can help lay the groundwork for financial resilience and long-term confidence.

“Expecting the unexpected is not just a mindset; it’s a passport to the thrilling destinations of life’s journey.” — Simon Sinek
Life is full of surprises. Building an emergency fund is a key first step in financial planning. Aim to set aside 3-6 months of essential living expenses in a high-yield savings or money market account. This fund should serve as a safety net in the event of job loss, medical bills, or other unexpected circumstances life may throw your way, and helps you avoid relying on high-interest debt or personal loans. Start by contributing a small, consistent amount each month, and increase contributions as your income grows. Revisit the fund annually or after major life changes, such as a move, a new job, or increased living costs, to ensure it remains appropriately sized for your needs.

“Someone is sitting in the shade today because someone planted a tree a long time ago.” — Warren Buffet
Look ahead to the life you want and prioritize investing early so there will be adequate financial resources available to help you realize your long term goals. While it can be tempting to focus on short-term spending, building lasting financial security starts with discipline and consistently “paying yourself first” by allocating a portion of your income toward your savings. Crestwood can help you understand the fundamentals of saving and investing.

It’s also a good idea to contribute to a Roth IRA early in your career, before your income exceeds the limit, because Roth IRAs offer valuable tax advantages. Since the money you contribute has already been taxed, you are not taxed on qualified withdrawals in retirement, and you will not be required to make withdrawals from that account. If you are younger than 50 years old, you can contribute up to $7,000 into a Roth IRA in 2025, but only if your modified adjusted gross income is below the cut-off.

In addition, try to participate in your company’s 401(k) plan, making sure to contribute enough to take advantage of any available employer match. Some employers will match your savings, fully or partially, up to a designated percentage. This is essentially free money toward your retirement. A common rule of thumb is to save approximately 10% – 15% of your salary for retirement, including a match from your employer. However, be sure to understand the vesting schedule on matched funds, which may require you to stay employed for a certain number of years before the company’s contributions fully belong to you.

“Real change, enduring change, happens one step at a time.” — Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Actively managing your career development and creating a financial plan for the future can help put the odds in your favor. In your career, continue to diversify your experience and develop transferable skills such as writing, analytics, and project management. In addition, leverage employer-sponsored development programs and network internally and externally to build connections that expand your options.

Reach Out to Crestwood
We help clients and their families make sound decisions for the future and protect wealth through every life stage. If you or a loved one is just starting out, we would be happy to have a conversation to help them build a plan tailored to their goals.

If you are not yet a Crestwood client, please contact us to see how we can help you and your loved ones realize their dreams.

This document is provided for general informational purposes only by Crestwood Advisors, an investment adviser. Crestwood Advisors does not provide legal advice, and this document should not be construed as containing legal advice. For legal advice, consult with a licensed attorney. This document should not be construed as containing tax advice. For tax advice, consult with your tax adviser.

August Economic Update: Shooting the Messenger (Even if the Message Wasn’t All Bad)

A report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) released after July’s FOMC meeting showed weaker job growth in the May-July period than previously estimated. Job growth for June and July was significantly revised downward, with 258,000 fewer reported new jobs.  The labor market is feeling the pressures of broad uncertainty, higher tariffs, and reduced immigration.

The reaction was swift: President Trump fired the head of the BLS, the dollar weakened, and equity markets reacted poorly to both the numbers and the firing.

As we have noted in prior Economic Updates, data gathering is a slow process and subject to frequent revision. Further, Fed Governor Waller noted in a speech on July 17 that there was a likelihood of downward revisions when the data was released1. So, for those closely listening to the Fed, the BLS announcement was not completely out of the blue.

Importantly, while the disappointing job growth numbers show that economic activity is slowing, the data also support the case that the job market is still generally healthy.  The weaker data increases the odds that the Fed cuts interest rates during its next meeting on September 17.

Divergence of Opinions at the FOMC
At its July 30 meeting, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) opted to hold the federal funds rate at 4.25% – 4.50% for the fifth consecutive session. The recurring theme behind the Fed’s decision to leave rates unchanged has been persistent uncertainty.

The FOMC Diffusion Index (shown below) captures the distribution of individual FOMC participants’ judgments about economic forecasts like GDP, inflation or unemployment. The chart shows that index levels have risen significantly this year. In fact, they are reaching points not seen since the period surrounding the Pandemic or the years following the Great Financial Crisis of 2008.

In the current environment, it’s not surprising that the decision of the FOMC this time was not unanimous. While individual dissents among Fed governors and presidents of the various Federal Reserve banks are not uncommon, July’s meeting marked the first time since 1993 that two governors dissented from the majority decision. Who dissented is worth noting: Michelle Bowman and Christopher Waller both favored a rate cut now. Their premise was that inflationary pressure from tariffs will be temporary and that risks to employment warrant a cut sooner rather than later.

Readers will note that Waller had signaled his pending dissent weeks in advance in the speech noted above, and Bowman was among the potential candidates to succeed Powell as the next Fed Chair. Their opinions may be foreshadowing the direction of the next iteration of the Fed.

September will be eventful for several reasons:

  1. President Trump has nominated Stephen Miran, often credited as the chief architect of the administration’s tariff policy, to fill the vacancy left by Fed Governor Adriana Kugler’s August departure. In 2024, Miran co-wrote a paper critical of the Fed and argued that governance should be overhauled. Among the recommendations were giving the President the power to remove Fed board members and Reserve Bank leaders at will2. The Senate Banking Committee will hold hearings on Miran’s nomination, which will include questioning him about his qualifications, policy positions, and perspective on the role of the Fed.
  2. The Fed will have several more months of labor market and inflation data to contextualize the effect of tariffs and immigration policy on the US economy.
  3. The FOMC will release an updated Statement of Economic Projections (aka, their “Dot Plot”), which captures the Fed members’ estimates for the range of interest rates over the next few years.

What does this mean for investors?
Investors should continue to expect further economic impact from an evolving tariff policy and reduced immigration as well as deportations. Although their impact on prices and growth can be slow to manifest, their effects inevitably show in data such as the labor market report. Investors should anticipate this and not be taken off guard when data appears to ‘surprise’ the market by showing evidence of this. As always, patience and discipline are the best approaches.

Capital Markets
The MSCI All Country World Index (ACWI) rose 1.4% in July. The S&P 500 rose for a third straight month returning 2.2%. The Index is now up 8.6% year-to-date after being down as much as 15% in early April. Developed International equities (MSCI EAFE) weakened, losing 1.4% for the month, while Emerging Markets rose by 2%. US Small and Mid Caps (Russell 2000) rose 1.7%, while bonds were flat.

Source: Bloomberg. EAFE is MSCI EAFE Index(1), Emerging Markets is MSCI Emerging Markets(2) and U.S. Bonds is Barclays U.S. Aggregate(3). ACWI is the MSCI ACWI Index(4). Small Caps is the Russell 2000 Index(5). S&P 500 is the S&P 500 Index(6). The S&P 500 Ex-NVDA/ AVGO represents the S&P 500 excluding the stocks Nvidia and Broadcom, the remaining stocks are then weighted by their market cap. The above information is as of 7/31/2025.

 

Footnotes:
1: The Case for Cutting Now by Governor Christopher Waller. Full text available at: https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/waller20250717a.htm
2: Reform the Federal Reserve’s Governance to Deliver Better Monetary Outcomes by Dan Katz, Stephen Miran. Full text available at: https://manhattan.institute/article/reform-the-federal-reserves-governance-to-deliver-better-monetary-outcomes

This document contains forward-looking statements, predictions and forecasts (“forward-looking statements”) concerning our beliefs and opinions in respect of the future. Forward-looking statements necessarily involve risks and uncertainties, and undue reliance should not be placed on them. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, and actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements.

Buying a Vacation Home: Retreat or Regret?

Does summer travel have you thinking about buying a vacation property for your family to enjoy year after year? Do you find yourself scrolling though real estate listings while you’re away, picturing a place to call your own? Well, it may be time to take the leap and invest in a vacation home.

While owning a second home may feel like a dream come true, it’s important to be sure it makes financial sense. With thoughtful planning, a vacation home can serve as both a long-term investment with the potential to appreciate and a meaningful legacy for the next generation.

Before you start scheduling property tours, here are some important factors to consider.

Does ownership suit your lifestyle?
If your family values tradition, shared experiences, and putting down roots, a vacation home may be a great fit. This type of investment works best when the property is easily accessible through a reasonable drive, a short flight, or a ferry ride. And if it aligns with your interests, such as boating, skiing, cycling, and hiking, that’s the icing on the cake.

However, if you tend to prefer variety in your travel plans, returning to the same place may start to feel limiting. You might feel obligated to use it instead of exploring new destinations. In addition, ownership will add to your responsibilities. Even if you hire a property manager, you may grow to resent paying for the obligations that owning another home undoubtedly creates.

Does the purchase make financial sense?
Real estate is an illiquid investment, so it’s important to be sure that purchasing a property won’t disrupt your broader financial plan. In addition to the purchase price, you will need to factor in the carrying costs, including home maintenance, utilities, HOA fees, and insurance. If you are considering renting the property, research the local laws and community rules to confirm it’s allowed. And remember that rental income is not guaranteed, and comes with its own set of risks, including potential renter property damage and wear and tear.

What are the tax implications?
How you use your vacation home will impact your potential tax benefits. Subject to specific qualifications around personal use and rental days, mortgage interest may be deductible within the same limits that apply to your primary residence. You may also be able to deduct expenses like property taxes, insurance premiums, and property management fees, depending on how the home is used. Your Crestwood team can help you determine the tax implications for your specific situation.

Plan Ahead for Ownership and Inheritance
How the property is titled—whether individually, jointly, through a trust, or within an LLC—can have long-term implications for liability, taxes, and estate planning. If your goal is to pass the home down to family, it’s worth considering how that transfer will occur and whether your loved ones are interested in keeping the property. Proactive planning can help reduce the potential for future conflict and ensure that your intentions are clearly documented and followed.

If you are thinking about a vacation home, reach out to Crestwood!
At Crestwood, we take a holistic, forward-looking approach to wealth that simplifies the complexities of financial decision-making. Before purchasing a vacation home, it’s important to understand how it fits into your overall financial picture. If you’d like to explore your possibilities, reach out to your Crestwood team. If you are not yet working with Crestwood, please contact us to start a conversation.

 

This document is provided for general informational purposes only by Crestwood Advisors, an investment adviser. Crestwood Advisors does not provide legal advice, and this document should not be construed as containing legal advice. For legal advice, consult with a licensed attorney. This document should not be construed as containing tax advice. For tax advice, consult with your tax adviser.

Creating a Meaningful Legacy: A Family Affair

Creating a Meaningful Legacy: A Family Affair

When people hear the word “legacy,” they often think of the assets we leave to our loved ones, the charities when we pass away, and the vehicles we utilize to facilitate that transfer, i.e. wills, trusts, etc. But a meaningful legacy goes far beyond financial assets. It’s about sharing your values, making an impact, and shaping how you’ll be remembered, by your family, your community, and future generations to come.

At Crestwood, we believe that thoughtful financial and estate planning can serve as a powerful tool for building the kind of legacy that reflects not only the assets you have amassed during your lifetime, and how you wish to leave them to your chosen beneficiaries but also the values you stand for and what is important to you. Whether you’re just starting the planning process or revisiting an existing plan, here are four key areas to consider as you begin to shape your legacy.

Define What Legacy Means to You
Before you consider the mechanics of estate planning, start with your vision. What matters most to you? What else, besides money, do you wish to leave behind and pass on to your beneficiaries?

Legacy can take many forms: providing opportunity for future generations, supporting charitable causes, preserving family traditions, and/or setting an example through the way you live.

Ask yourself the following questions when you begin to craft your estate plan:

  • What values have shaped my life?
  • Who or what do I want to impact long-term?
  • What do I hope my children or community remember about me?

Answers to these questions will frame the foundation of a legacy that’s both meaningful and lasting.

Align Your Estate Plan with Your Values
Once you’ve defined your vision, it’s important to ensure that your estate plan manifests it and contains the right tools to facilitate same, i.e. wills, revocable trusts, irrevocable trusts, charitable planning vehicles, and properly completed beneficiary designations to name just a few.

For example, if education is a core value, you might consider creating a 529 plan or establishing an irrevocable trust to fund your grandchildren’s education. If philanthropy is important to you, a donor-advised fund or charitable trust can help you support causes you care about long after you’re gone.

Communicate Your Intentions Clearly
Legacy planning isn’t just about documents. It’s about conversations. One of the most powerful things you can do is share your intentions with the people who matter most.

Too often, families are left to interpret an estate plan without understanding the reasons behind it. Writing a legacy letter, hosting a family meeting, or simply having a candid discussion about the decisions you have made and the plan you have executed can bring clarity and connection.

Live Your Legacy Now
Legacy isn’t only about what you leave behind. It’s also about how you live today.

Whether you are mentoring the next generation, volunteering, or supporting causes you care about, you are building your legacy in real time. Small, consistent actions like teaching family members about investing or sharing insights from your life experience can have a positive influence.

Building a Legacy, Together
At Crestwood, we help clients shape their legacy through highly personalized estate and financial planning. We can work with you to develop a plan in a way that is tax-efficient, value-driven, and customized to your needs. Whether you are planning for a family business or making sure future generations are supported responsibly, our role is to help you build a plan that honors both your intentions and your legacy.

If you are not yet a Crestwood client, please contact us to see how we can help you turn your vision into a lasting impact and create a meaningful legacy.

Crestwood Advisors Recognized in Financial Advisor Magazine’s 2025 RIA Ranking

BOSTON (July 15, 2025) – Crestwood Advisors (“Crestwood”), a boutique investment advisory and wealth management firm based in Boston with offices in Connecticut and Rhode Island, is proud to announce its inclusion in Financial Advisor Magazine’s 2025 RIA Ranking.

“We’re honored to be included in this year’s ranking, which reflects the dedication of our team and the ongoing trust our clients place in us,” said Crestwood President and Managing Partner Leah R. Sciabarrasi, CFP®. “This recognition speaks to the strength of our client relationships and our unwavering focus on delivering long-term value.”

Published annually, Financial Advisor Magazine’s 2025 list of top RIAs is one of the most respected industry lists for independent investment advisory firms. Rankings are based on assets under management (AUM) reported by firms, as well as growth over time and other firm-reported data. To qualify, firms must be independent RIAs, file their own ADV with the SEC and primarily serve individual investors.

Being named to this prestigious list underscores Crestwood’s ongoing commitment to thoughtful, client-centered wealth management. It reflects the confidence clients have in Crestwood to provide tailored strategies that align with their financial values and goals.

This recognition reinforces the firm’s drive to continue growing its capabilities and deepening its relationships in the communities it serves.

The full 2025 list can be found here. Crestwood did not pay a fee to appear on the published list.

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About Crestwood Advisors
Crestwood Advisors is an independent, fee-only, wealth management firm with approximately $7.02 billion in assets under management as of December 31, 2024. Founded in 2003, Crestwood Advisors provides investment management with financial planning strategies to help high-net-worth individuals and families identify and prioritize their goals and build sustainable wealth so that they may enjoy more financially secure and purposeful lives. For more information, please visit https://www.crestwoodadvisors.com.

July Economic Update: The Deadline is not the Finish Line

July 9th was previously announced as end of the three-month pause on April’s Liberation Day tariffs, which were poised to send tariff rates to much higher levels. That date was also the deadline for the U.S. and the European Union to negotiate a new trade deal or else a 50% tariff on EU imports will be triggered. Recent statements by President Trump and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent confirm that the US pushed the date to August 1st. Regardless of whether that new deadline is met, tariff policy and the global trading system will remain in flux for some time to come.

The equity market response to the initial tariff announcement in early April was severe with the S&P 500 dropping approximately 12% in the following week. In the wake of the announcement of the 90-day pause, and subsequent progress with US-China negotiations, the S&P 500 recovered and climbed to new highs. Unfortunately, the road to trade deals with 90 countries has many speed bumps.

The on again/off again application of the tariffs has given US importers time to front load purchases, which is likely to help spread the impacts to US consumers over time. However, it is important to appreciate that this stockpiling merely buffers price increases, it does not prevent them.

Due to the prolonged pause, there are those who believe that warnings about the impact of large tariffs were overstated because we haven’t seen it thus far. This is akin to being in an airplane and turning to your seatmate to declare “This is the smoothest flight I’ve ever had! No turbulence!” without realizing that your flight was delayed and your plane is still on the tarmac.

Investors should bear in mind that a reoriented tariff policy isn’t just a tremor but rather a trigger for a seismic shift in global trade. Restructuring global supply chains, shifting workforces, as well as building or retooling factories is a process that will take years. In the interim, companies will be faced with the choice to either increase prices to consumers or absorb costs and therefore, be less profitable. The reality is that even with tariff agreements, tariffs will be meaningfully higher than they were in the past and we must consider the investment environment of this new, more protectionist, global order.

The takeaway: As companies seek to adapt, investors will benefit from having a flexible framework when thinking about how and where they should invest. Public U.S. equity markets remain attractive, but there are opportunities overseas as well as in alternative assets.

Capital Markets

Equity markets rose broadly in June. Global equity markets, as measured by the MSCI All Country World Index (ACWI) rose by 4.53%. The S&P 500 hit record highs, rising by 5.08% for the month. US Small and Mid Caps, as measured by the Russell 2000, have been volatile this year but posted a 5.43% gain. Market strength was not confined to domestic markets. Developed International equity markets, measured by the EAFE, rose 2.22%. A weaker US Dollar helped Emerging Market Equities to see the largest move: a rise of 6.12%. Even bonds were in the black for the month with a 1.54% gain in the Bloomberg US Agg Bond Index.

Source: Bloomberg. EAFE is MSCI EAFE Index(1), Emerging Markets is MSCI Emerging Markets(2) and U.S. Bonds is Barclays U.S. Aggregate(3). ACWI is the MSCI ACWI Index(4). Small Caps is the Russell 2000 Index(5). S&P 500 is the S&P 500 Index(6). The above information is as of 06/30/2025.

We continue to focus on investing for the long term while remaining sensitive to potential short-term opportunities and risks. We encourage you to reach out to your Crestwood Advisor with any questions or concerns you may have. If you are not yet working with a Crestwood Advisor, we invite you to schedule some time to discuss how Crestwood works with individuals and families like yours to help them achieve their wealth goals.

This document contains forward-looking statements, predictions and forecasts (“forward-looking statements”) concerning our beliefs and opinions in respect of the future. Forward-looking statements necessarily involve risks and uncertainties, and undue reliance should not be placed on them. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, and actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements.

 

Risky Business. Why Customized Insurance is Important

Why customized insurance is important

While standard mass-market insurance can meet the needs of most people, high-net -worth individuals and families need customized solutions that are tailored to their needs.

Success brings new opportunities, but also new risks

High Value Home Insurance. More expensive homes require customized coverage that many agents are unable to provide. Cost replacement value insurance, multiple residence insurance, extra coverage for disasters, and working with a carrier that can respond quickly when you need them are key. Knowledgeable insurers will not only insure your home, but they will also provide sound advice on how to mitigate risks through a detailed survey of your properties. If you are thinking about your homeowner’s insurance, read our blog Homeowners Insurance Under Pressure.

Fine Art, Collectables, and Jewelry. The things you now own, and your family may cherish, may exceed the coverage that standard policies allow. Custom policies allow you to pinpoint your risks with precision and insure what matters most.

Liability. When you have a lot, you have a lot to lose. You may be managing multiple homes or have workers that could be injured on your property. You may own luxury or classic vehicles, boats, or planes.  You may employ domestic staff that may need worker’s compensation insurance. A custom evaluation of your exposures can be beneficial to your peace of mind. It often makes more sense to transfer the risk to an insurance company rather than carrying perpetual potential liability on your family’s balance sheet.

Your Trust and Estate Plan. Upon your passing, your assets may be subject to state or Federal Estate taxes. In addition to providing for these expenses, customized insurance strategies can provide liquidity for tax payments for less liquid assets such as businesses and properties. This allows more value to pass on to your beneficiaries rather than to tax collectors.

Your Life. A neutral party can help you examine different types of life and disability insurance to match the policies to your needs, age and other risk factors, while keeping your lifestyle in mind.

How Crestwood Can Help

As an independent wealth advisory firm, Crestwood views insurance as a component of your complete financial picture. We offer unbiased advice to help you manage your risk as well as your investments. Please contact us if you are not working with Crestwood.

There is no cost – and no risk – to starting the conversation!

This document is provided for general informational purposes only by Crestwood Advisors, an investment adviser. Crestwood Advisors does not provide legal advice, and this document should not be construed as containing legal advice. For legal advice, consult with a licensed attorney. This document should not be construed as containing tax advice. For tax advice, consult with your tax adviser.

Cultivating Resilience: Tools and Technology to Help Combat Stress

When so many people rely on you personally, professionally, and socially, it’s natural to feel overwhelmed from time to time. Between running from client meetings to soccer games, organizing fundraisers, and caring for aging parents, the demands of daily life can be exhausting. That’s where technology can help. Use technology to stay organized, prioritize your well-being, manage your time, and continue to grow personally and professionally.

Technology can help you:

Stay in control
Worried about forgetting something important? Use your phone to set reminders, share calendars, and to-do lists with your loved ones. If you’re not already using one, a voice-activated AI-powered virtual assistant can answer questions, send text messages on your behalf, and help you manage your day more efficiently. A smart doorbell camera can help you monitor your home, and when you’re out and about, location-based apps can help you find nearby services, shops, or even your parked car.

Be mindful
On challenging days, staying calm can make all the difference. Use a meditation or deep-breathing app to reduce stress and regain focus. If you can’t make it to the gym, a workout app can help you stay active from home. Short on time for grocery shopping? A meal delivery service can ease the load. Wearable tech, like fitness trackers and smartwatches, can monitor your physical health, sleep patterns, and stress levels, offering real-time insights to help you build healthier, more productive habits.

Expand your knowledge
Online learning platforms offer convenient and flexible opportunities to develop new skills. Preparing for international travel? Language learning apps can help you build proficiency during your daily commute. When time is limited, real-time translation apps provide an effective solution for communicating across language barriers. With the right tools, continuous learning and global connection are more accessible than ever.

While technology can simplify and enhance daily life, it’s important to use it mindfully. Over reliance on screens can lead to tech fatigue, disconnection, and potential cybersecurity risks. Always follow safe practices for technology use, like using strong passwords and staying vigilant online, but remember to unplug regularly to stay present and balanced in the real world.

Reach Out to Crestwood
Crestwood takes a holistic, forward-looking approach that simplifies the complexities of wealth and allows you to focus on your well-being. Please reach out to your advisory team for strategies that make your financial plan resilient. And if you are not yet working with Crestwood, please contact us to start a conversation.

 

This document is provided for general informational purposes only by Crestwood Advisors, an investment adviser. Crestwood Advisors does not endorse, sponsor, or promote any of the products or companies listed or mentioned in this material. Any references to specific products or services are purely incidental and are included solely to illustrate potential strategies or concepts. The inclusion of such references does not imply any form of partnership, relationship, or approval by the Firm.

June Economic Update: The Deficit Could be Rising—But it’s Not Necessarily Cause for Alarm

June Economic Update: The Deficit Could be Rising—But it’s Not Necessarily Cause for Alarm

The recent passage of the One Big Beautiful Act or OBBBA (also known as HR 1) by the U.S. House of Representatives could have implications for the budget deficit in its current form, and in turn for domestic and international bond markets and the economy.

Although there will no doubt be significant changes to the House version of the bill before it passes, a major impact on taxes would be the extension of many provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and substantial additional spending on defense and border security.

The current administration believes the current bill will generate economic growth, lead to lower deficits, and put the country on a more fiscally sustainable path.

Reactions in the Bond Market
However, not everyone agrees the current bill will achieve these goals. The bond market’s reaction has been a decline in bond prices leading to an increase in yields. Notably, the 10-year Treasury yield has climbed to around 4.5% (from 4% earlier in the year), while the 30-year bond yield has risen to 5%, well above the 4.75% long term average.  While many factors affect trends in bond yields, this year bond markets have been skittish about the effects of increased tariffs and inflation fears.  The Federal government’s unwillingness to address deficit spending have added to the bearish narrative.

With higher interest rates driving up the cost of servicing debt, strong economic growth becomes even more critical to balancing the budget and maintaining fiscal stability.

Today’s Deficit is Manageable
While reducing the deficit is a worthwhile goal, it’s important to recognize that the US’s Federal debt level of 118% debt-to-GDP is not an outlier.  Among G7 nations, the average debt-to-GDP ratio stands at around 125%. Notably, Japan’s debt-to-GDP stands at 250% and has been above 100% for over two decades all while maintaining both economic stability and investor confidence.* Although elevated debt can contribute to risks like inflation or slower growth, it does not necessarily signal financial distress—particularly for an economy like the U.S., which continues to serve as the world’s benchmark.

Safe Haven Status
The U.S. can sustain high debt levels and still be a destination for global capital inflows due to a unique combination of structural, institutional and economic strengths. As the issuer of the world’s primary reserve currency, the U.S. benefits from constant demand for its debt, allowing it to borrow at relatively low costs. Its financial markets are the largest, most liquid, and among the most transparent in the world, reinforcing investor confidence. The U.S. economy is also highly innovative and productive, driven by leadership in technology, finance, and consumer sectors.

During times of global uncertainty, the U.S. is viewed as a safe haven, with investors flocking to its assets despite rising debt. Strong institutions like the Federal Reserve and a long-standing reputation for honoring debt further support its credibility. All of these factors make the U.S. an attractive and reliable place to invest, even with a high (and potentially rising) debt-to-GDP ratio.

Capital Markets
Equities bounced back in May after a turbulent April. The All-Country World Index (ACWI) finishing up 5.7%, led by the US with a gain of 6.3% for the S&P 500. Developed international equities, as measured by the EAFE index, had another strong month, adding 4.7%, to close May up17.3% YTD. Emerging market equities increased by 4.0%. Bond prices declined by .7% as interest rates rose.

Source: Bloomberg. EAFE is MSCI EAFE Index(1), Emerging Markets is MSCI Emerging Markets(2) and U.S. Bonds is Barclays U.S. Aggregate(3). ACWI is the MSCI ACWI Index(4). Small Caps is the Russell 2000 Index(5). S&P 500 is the S&P 500 Index(6). The above information is as of 5/30/2025. See last page for important information.

We continue to be focused on investing for the long term while remaining sensitive to potential short-term opportunities and risks. We encourage you to reach out to your Crestwood Advisor with any questions or concerns you may have. If you are not yet working with a Crestwood Advisor, we invite you to schedule some time to discuss how Crestwood works with individuals and families like yours to help them achieve their wealth goals.

This document contains forward-looking statements, predictions and forecasts (“forward-looking statements”) concerning our beliefs and opinions in respect of the future. Forward-looking statements necessarily involve risks and uncertainties, and undue reliance should not be placed on them. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, and actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements.

*International Monetary Fund: https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/d@FPP/USA/FRA/JPN/GBR/SWE/ESP/ITA/ZAF/ What Lessons Can Be Drawn from Japan’s High Debt-to-GDP Ratio? Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, November 14, 2023